2006年高考英语试题及答案（山东卷） 
（试题由亿进英语网整理，如有转载，须注明出处。）

2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷） 英语

第一卷（共115分）



第一部分 听力（共两节 满分30分）

该部分分为第一、第二两节。注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt ?

A．￡19.15. B．￡9.15. C．￡9.18. 答案是B.

1. How much will the man pay for the tickets?
   A. ￡7.5. B. ￡15. C. ￡50.
2. Which is the right gate for the man's flight?
   A. Gate 16. B. Gate 22. C. Gate 25.
3. How does the man feel about going to school by bike?
   A. Happy. B. Tired. C. Worried.
4. When can the man get the computers?
   A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday
5. What does the man think of the shirt for the party?
   A. The size is not large enough. B. The material is not good. C. The color is not suitable. 

第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What can we learn about Mr. Brown?
   A. He is in his office. B. He is at a meeting. C. He is out for a meeting.
7. What will the man probably do next?
   A. Call back. B. Come again. C. Leave a message.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8. What kind of room does the man want to take?
   A. A single room. B. A double room. C. A room for three.
9. What does the man need to put in the form?
   A. Telephone and student card numbers.
   B. Student card number and address.
   C. Address and telephone number.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10. What is the relationship between the speakers?
   A. Fellow clerks. 
   B. Boss and secretary.
   C. Customer and salesperson.
11. What does the man like about his job?
   A. Living close to the office.
   B. Chances to go abroad.
   C. Nice people to work with.
12. What do we know about the woman?
   A. She likes traveling.
   B. She is new to the company.
   C. She works in public relations.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13. When will the visitors come?
   A. In March. B. In April. C. In May.
14. How many visitors are coming?
   A. 8. B. 10. C. 12.
15 What will the visitors do on the second day?
   A. Go to a party. B. Visit schools. C. Attend a lecture. 
16. Where will the visitors go on the final day?
   A. To London B. To Scotland C. To the coast.

听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。

17. What is the first word the baby tried to say?
   A. Truck. B. Ok. C. Duck. 
18. How old was the baby when he learned to say that word correctly?
   A. About 18 months. B. About 21 months. C. About 24 months.
19. What did the father do when the baby screamed that word at the airport?
   A. He corrected the baby.
   B. He tried to stop the baby.
   C. He hid himself somewhere. 
20. Why did the mother pretend not to know the baby?
   A. She got angry with the father.
   B. She was frightened by the noise.
   C. She felt uneasy about the noisy baby. 

第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节, 满分45分）

第一节：单项填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：Mr. Smith owns ____ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met.
A. larger B. a larger C. the larger D. a large

答案是B。

21. For him ____ stage is just ___ means of making a living.
    A. a; a B. the; a C. the ; the D. a; the
22. How did you find your visit to Qingdao, Joanna?
    A. Oh, wonderful indeed B. I went the alone 
    C. First by train and then by ship D. A guide showed me the way
23. Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals.
    A. as B. that C. what D. which
24. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.
    A. that B. it C. this D. you 
25. Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ___ a good researcher.
    A. make B. turn C. get D. grow
26. We’re just trying to teach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
    A. where B. that C. when D. which
27. ____ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
    A. No matter what B. No matter which C Whatever D. whichever
28. Although the causes of cancer ____, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
    A. are being uncovered B. have been uncovering 
    C. are uncovering D. have uncovered
29. Five people won the “China’s Green Figure" award, a title ____ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.
    A. being given B. is given C. given D. was given
30. –May I smoke here ?
    - If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
    A. should B. could C. may D. must
31. How can you expect to learn anything ____ you never listen?
    A. in case B. even if C. unless D. when
32.I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited. 
    A. why it does B. what he does C. how it is D. what it is 
33.Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
    A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
34. After he retired from office, Rogers ____ painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
    A. took up B. saved up C. kept up D. drew up
35. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which ____ will promote its economic development.
    A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact



第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，撑握其大意，然后从36—55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。


     One summer day my father sent me to buy wire for our farm. At 16, I liked 36 better than driving our truck, 37 this time I was not happy. My father had told me I’d have to ask for credit(赊账) at the store.
      Sixteen is a 38 age, when a young man wants respect, not charity. It was 1976, and the ugly 39 of racial discrimination was 40 a fact of life. I’d seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while the store owner 41 whether they were “good for it.” I knew black youths just like me who were 42 like thieves by the store clerk each time they went into a grocery.
     My family was 43 . We paid our debts. But before harvest, cash was short. Would the store owner 44 us ?
     At Davis’s store, Buck Davis stood behind the cash desk, talking to a farmer. I nodded 45 I passed him on my way to the hardware shelves. When I brought my 46 to the caskh desk, I said 47 , “I need to put this on credit.”
     The farmer gave me and amused, distrustful 48 . But Buck’s face didn’t change. “Sure,” he said 49 . “Your daddy is 50 good for it.” He 51 to the other man. “This here is one of James Williams’s sons.”
     The farmer nodded in a neighborly 52 . I was filled with pride. James William’s son. Those three words had opened a door to an adult’s respect and trust.
     That day I discovered that the good name my parents had 53 brought our whole family the respect of our neighbors. Everyone knew what to 54 from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself 55 much to do wrong.

36. A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
37. A. and B. so C. but D. for
38. A. prideful B. wonderful C. respectful D. colorful
39. A. intention B. shadow C. habit D. faith
40. A. thus B. just C. still D. ever
41. A. guessed B. suspected C. questioned D. figured
42. A. watched B. caught C. dismissed D. accused
43. A. generous B. honest C. friendly D. modest
44. A. blame B. excuse C. charge D. trust
45. A. until B. as C. once D. since
46. A. purchases B. sales C. orders D. favorites
47. A. casually B. confidently C. cheerfully D. carefully
48. A. look B. stare C. response D. comment
49. A. patiently B. eagerly C. easily D. proudly
50. A generally B. never C. sometimes D. always
51. A. pointed B. replied C. turned D introduced
52. A. sense B. way C. degree D. mood
53. A. earned B. deserved C. given D. used
54. A. receive B. expect C. collect D. require
55. A. very B. so C. how D. too

第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
     Short and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. “Football, tennis Cricket—anything with a round ball, I was useless, “he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the object of jokes in school gym classes in England’s rural Devonshire.
     It was a mountain bike he received for his 15th birthday that changed him. At first the teen went biking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to cycle along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind building up his body, increasing his speed, strength and endurance. At age 18, he ran his first marathon.
     The following year, he met John Ridgway, who became famous in the 1960s for rowing an open boat across the Atlantic Ocean. Saunders was hired as an instructor at Ridgway’s school of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about the older man’s cold-water exploits(成就).Intrigued, Saunders read all he could about Arctic explorers and North Pole expeditions, then decided that this would be his future.
     Journeys to the Pole aren’t the usual holidays for British country boys, and many peiole dismissed his dream as fantasy. “John Ridgway was one of the few who didn’t say, ‘You are completely crazy,’”Saunders says.
     In 2001, after becoming a skilled skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition toward the North Pole. He suffered frostbite, had a closer encounter(遭遇) with a polar bear and pushed his body to the limit.
     Saunders has since become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and he’s skied more of the Arctic by himself than any other Briton. His old playmates would not believe the transformation.
     This October, Saunders, 27, heads south to explore from the coast of Antarctica to the South Pole and back, an 1800-mile journey that has never been completed on skis.

56. The turning point in Saunders’life came when _____
    A. he started to play ball games
    B. he got a mountain bike at age 15
    C. he ran his first marathon at age 18
    D. he started to receive Ridgway’s training
57. We can learn from the text that Ridgway _______.
    A. dismissed Saunders’ dream as fantasy
    B. built up his body together with Saunders
    C. hired Saunders for his cold-water experience
    D. won his fame for his voyage across the Atlantic
58. What do we know about Saunders?
    A. He once worked at a school in Scotland.
    B. He followed Ridgway to explore the North Pole.
    C. He was chosen for the school sports team as a kid.
    D. He was the first Briton to ski alone to the North Pole.
59. The underlined word “Intrigued” in the third paragraph probably means_____.
    A. Excited B. Convinced C. Delighted D. Fascinated
60. It can be inferred tat Saunders’ journey to the North Pole ______.
    A. was accompanied by his old playmates
    B. set a record in the North Pole expedition
    C. was supported by other Arctic explorers
    D. made him well-known in the 1960s

B
     November not only marks the publication of Toni Morrison’s eagerly anticipated(期待) eighth novel, Love, but it is also the tenth anniversary of her Nobel Prize for Literature. Morrison is the first black woman to receive a Nobel, and so honored before her in literature are only two black men: Wole Soyinka, the Nigerian playwright, poet and novelist, in 1986; and Derek Walcott, the Caribbean-born poet, in 1992. But Morrison is also the first and only American-born Nobel prizewinner for literature since 1962, the year novelist John steinbeck received the award.
     Like Song of Solomon, Love is a multigenerational story, revealing the personal and communal legacy() of an outstanding black family. As Morrison scholars will tell you, Love is the third volume of a literary master’s trilogy(三部曲)investigating the many complexities of love. This trilogy began with Beloved(1988), which deals with a black mother’s love under slavery and in freedom. Jazzy(1993), the second volume, tells a story of romantic love in 1920s Harlem. This latest novel looks back from the 1970s to the 1940s and 50s.
     The emotional center of Love is Bill Cosey, the former owner and host of the shabby Cosey’s Hotel and Resort in Silk, North Carolina, described in the novel as “the best and best-known vacation sport for colored folk on the East Coast.” We get to know Cosey through the memories of five women who survive and love him: his granddaughter, his widow, two former employees, and a homeless young girl.
     The latest novel, Love, had been described in the promotional material from her publisher as “Morrison’s most accessible work since Song of Solomon.” This comparison to her third novel, published in 1977, was an effective selling point.

61. What would be the best title for the text?
    A. Toni Morrison’s latest novels
    B. Toni Morrison and her trilogy
    C. Toni Morrison and her novel Love
    D. Toni Morrison, the Nobel prizewinner
62. What can we learn about John Steinbeck?
    A. He was a black writer.
    B. He was born in America.
    C. He received the Nobel Prize after Morrison
    D. He was the first American novelist to win a Nobel
63. The similarity between Love and Song of Solomon is that they both _____.
    A. belong to the same trilogy together with Beloved
    B. concern families of more than one generation
    C. deal with life of blacks under slavery 
    D. investigate life in 1920s Harlem
64. The novel Love mainly describes ______.
    A. the best-known vacation spot for blacks
    B. the life of an outstanding black family under slavery
    C. the miserable experience of the five women in Harlem
    D. the memories of five women about Bill Cosey



C
                           FILM DESCRIPTIONS
Back to the Future
     With the help of a local inventor’s time machine, Marty travels back to the 1950s. There his 80s hipness stands out, and he inadvertently interferes with the fledgling romance of his parents-to-be. Can Marty keep them together? He’d better, or his own future will fade away. Featuring: Christopher Lloyd, Michael J.Fox. A universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 55 min.
Beethoven’s 2nd
     In this sequel to the popular Beethoven, our canine hero falls for Missy, who soon has puppies. Missy’s greedy owner, Regina, who sees only money in the little purebreds, separates mom and pups from Beethoven. His owners rescue the puppies, but Regina still has Missy. Featuring: Charles Grodin, Bonnie Hunt. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 26 min.
Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
     Despite the popularity of his treats, candy maker Willy Wonka shuts himself inside his factory. But then Willy holds a contest, offering five lucky children the chance to see his company. Poor but pleasant Charlie Bucket finds a ticket, as do four less-deserving children. Featuring:
Johnny Depp, Freddie Highmore. A Warner Bros. Release, 1 hr. 56 min.
Cinderella Man
     Based on actual events, this film follows the life of Jim Braddock, a boxer in New York City during the Great Depression. After a series of losses, Braddock is forced into retirement. But he never gives up his boxing dream, and neither does his manager. Featuring: Russell Crowe, Renee Zellweger. A Universal Pictures release, 2 hr. 14 min.
Liar Liar
     Lawyer Fletcher Reede has never told the truth in his life. Then his son makes a birthday wish that his dad would stop lying for 24 hours. Suddenly, Fletcher’s mouth spouts everything he thinks. His compulsion brings disaster to courtroom, where he must defend a client whose case was built on lies. Featuring: Jim Carrey, Justin Cooper. A Universal Pictures release, 1 hr. 25 min.

65. Which of the following is probably the name of a dog?
    A. Marty. B. Missy. C. Fletcher. D. Charlie
66. Willy Wonka is _______.
    A. a boxer who suffers a series of losses
    B. a lawyer who has never told the truth 
    C. a man who runs a chocolate factory
    D. a man who invents a time machine
67. Which film is about the life of a real person?
    A. Beethoven’s 2nd B. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory
    C. Cinderella Man D. Liar Liar

D
     Increasingly, Americans are becoming their own doctors, by going online to diagnose their symptoms, order home health tests or medical devices, or even self-treat their illnesses with drugs from Internet pharmacies(药店). Some avoid doctors because of the high cost of medical care, especially if they lack health insurance. Or they may stay because they find it embarrassing to discuss their weight, alcohol consumption or couch potato habits. Patients may also fear what they might learn about their health, or they distrust physicians because of negative experiences in the past. But playing doctor can also be a deadly game.
     Every day, more than six million Americans turn to the Internet for medical answers – most of them aren’t nearly skeptical enough of what they find. A 2002 survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project found that 72 percent of those surveyed believe all or most of what they read on health websites. They shouldn’t. Look up “headache”, and the chances of finding reliable and complete information, free from a motivation for commercial gain, are only one in ten, reports an April 2005 Brown Medical School study. Of the 169 websites the researchers rated, only 16 scored as “high quality”. Recent studies found faulty facts about all sorts of other disorders, causing one research team to warn that a large amount of incomplete, inaccurate and even dangerous information exists on the Internet.
     The problem is most people don’t know the safe way to surf the Web. “They use a search engine like Google, get 18 trillion choices and start clicking. But that’s risky, because almost anybody can put up a site that looks authoritative(权威的), so it’d hard to know if what you’re reading is reasonable or not,” says Dr. Sarah Bass from the National Cancer Institute.

68. According to the text, an increasing number of American _____.
    A. are suffering from mental disorders
    B. turn to Internet pharmacies for help
    C. like to play deadly games with doctors
    D. are skeptical about surfing medical websites
69. Some Americans stay away from doctors because they _____.
    A. find medical devices easy to operate
    B. prefer to be diagnosed online by doctors
    C. are afraid to face the truth of their health
    D. are afraid to misuse their health insurance
70. According to the study of Brown Medical School, ______.
    A. more than 6 million Americans distrust doctors
    B. only 1/10 of medical websites aim to make a profit
    C. about 1/10 of the websites surveyed are of high quality
    D. 72% of health websites offer incomplete and faulty facts
71. Which of the following is the author’s main argument?
    A. It’s cheap to self-treat your own illness.
    B. It’s embarrassing to discuss your bad habits.
    C. It’s reasonable to put up a medical website.
    D. It’s dangerous to be your own doctor.

E

     PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.
     The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.
     Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.
     The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.
     Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.
     Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.
     “It just allows us to do something we’ve ot been able to do before,”Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”
     He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.
     Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.
     Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.

72. Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?
    A. Robotics Trends. B. Pittsburgh City Council.
    C. Carnegie Mellon University. D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.
73. Choset believes that his invention ______.
    A. can be attached to an electronic arm
    B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes
    C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog
    D. can sense its way no better than its operators
74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.
    A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina
    B. would have been put to use in past rescue work
    C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday
    D. were in greater need yesterday than today
75. What is the text mainly about?
    A. Snake-like robots used in industries.
    B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.
    C. The development of snake-like robots.
    D. The working principles of snake-like robots.



第四部分：写作（共2节，满分35分）

第一节 短文改错(共10 小题；每小题 1分, 满分10分)

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断：如无错误, 在该行右边横线上画一个钩（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误）， 则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉, 在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

Dear Ming,
It was very nice to hear from you for such a long time. I’m       76.______
Glad to learn that you’ve been settled down in Boston and are     77.______
Getting used to the local ways of life.                            78.______
As you know, I’m still buried in books at school you are          79 .______
So familiar with. What may surprise you are that I’m going to     80.______
the US this July in a summer camp! Surely I’m expecting lots      81.______
Of sightseeing tours, parties and another exciting things. We must 82.______
Definitely meet when I’m over. As is planning, I’m coming        83.______
To Boston around the 15th, and I wonder if you’ll free then so    84.______
We could chat about the good older days.                           85.______
Hope to see you soon.
                                         Yours,
                                         Xiao Lei





第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

请用英语写一篇100词左右的短文，简要描述漫画内容，并结合生活实际， 就漫画主题发表感想，题目自拟。参考词汇：公民道德—civic virtue

2006年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷） 英语
高考英语试卷参考答案(亿进英语网提供，青岛科技大学刘峰老师核对、点评)

如有转载，须注明出处

第一部分 听力

 1. B  2. C  3. A  4. A 5. C
 6. C  7. A  8. A  9. C 10. A
11. B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C

第二部分 英语知识运用

21. B 22. A 23. A 24. B 25. A
26. A 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. D
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C

36. B 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. C
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. B
46. A 47. D 48. A 49. C 50. D
51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. D

第三部分 阅读理解

56. B 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. B
61. C 62. B 63. B 64. D 65. B
66. C 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. C
71. D 72. C 73. D 74. B 75. B

第四部分 写作（略）

注释：
    第23题，最佳答案应为A) as，但目前官方公布的答案（据《半岛都市报》和《青岛早报》登载）错选了C) what。尽管如果没有as, what也是可以的。

（以下为青岛科技大学刘峰老师的点评，如有转载，必须注明作者和出处）

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    我本人没有亲眼看见考场里的高考英语试卷，但如果真是如本网站所提供的那样，as 是最合适的首选答案。当然，在这个句子中，what也是说得通的。这就说明了这道题命题有问题。要是山东省高考阅卷采用what 这个错误答案，不知要冤枉多少考生！

   为什么会出现这样的错误呢？一位高中英语教师告诉我，在高中英语课本中曾经出现过 "A is to B what C is to D" 这个句型。但这只能证明在这个句子中，选what 是可以的，并不能说明 what 是最佳答案。

    当我用百度搜索时发现：Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals 这句英文在网上很多地方都出现过，一般是在“高三英语单项选择题精选”的页面中，四个选项是 that、 what、 where 和 which。 就这个题而言，答案当然是 what。

    请各位注意：2006年山东高考英语卷的四个选项是 A. as  B. that.  C. what  D. which 。命题者的本意如果是想考察上述的句型，在设计题的时候就应该特别小心，不能把 as 出现在备选项中。 

    为了进一步确认，首先，我问了几个外教，他们都说就这孤立的、没有语境的一句话而言，as 是首选答案，这是毫无疑问的。其中，英籍教育专家 Mr. David Rowles 在给我的E-mail中说：

    As I said in my earlier email, I think that context has a role to play in all this... my first "gut" reaction was "as"...and I think that "as" is better in a bald, no-context statement. If the "engines" statement comes at the end of a paragraph detailing similarities between engines and hearts, and maybe prefaced by "so", then maybe "what" is more appropriate. But, as it stands without context then "as" is better.

    为了进一步确认，首先，我问了几个外教，他们都说就这孤立的、没有语境的一句话而言，as 是首选答案，这是毫无疑问的。其中，英籍教育专家 Mr. David Rowles 在给我的E-mail中说：

    As I said in my earlier email, I think that context has a role to play in all this... my first "gut" reaction was "as"...and I think that "as" is better in a bald, no-context statement. If the "engines" statement comes at the end of a paragraph detailing similarities between engines and hearts, and maybe prefaced by "so", then maybe "what" is more appropriate. But, as it stands without context then "as" is better.

    其次，我在yahoo.com 英文网站上发了帖子，寻求native speaker的帮助，在14个回复中，13人选择了as. 这是其中的一个回复：

The correct answer is "as". This type of question is called an analogy.
Another and more popular example of one is: A glove is to hand as a shoe is to ________ (The answer is foot because the glove covers/protects the hand then the shoe must cover/protect whatever it is referring to.)
I hope that made sense to you. If I figure out a better way to explain it let you know. 

    再次，我且在BBC 的学习网站上也发了帖子，一位语言教师回复到：

I'd agree with you. Though 'what' is possible, it cannot be used in the sentence you have given as an example. If we use 'what' the relationship between the two parts has to be absolute. This is not the case. The engine of a machine does not perform the same function as the heart in an animal - the heart is simply a muscle that pumps, it does not provide any power.
When we use 'as' we provide only an analogy, not a direct relationship. It's the same as using 'like'. An engine in a machine is like the heart - without it the machine doesn't work / body ceases to function.

    我们整天强调素质教育、强调学习英语的目的是为了应用，反对死背语法。然而考试，尤其是高考更具有指挥棒的作用，高考的命题是不是也应进一步地改革，更加合理、科学呢？（语言测试是也一门科学，在国外已经有了相当的发展）。其实在高考英语史上，那些权威的命题专家们已经闹出不少笑话，出的题让英国、美国的老外都莫名其妙、稀里糊涂。如果连接受过正规高等教育的native speaker都搞不明白的话，这样的英语算是英语吗？如：

1 The husband gave his wife ________ every month in order to please her. 

  (2004年重庆高考英语卷)
    A. all half his income    B. his half all income

    C. half his all income    D. all his half income

   这道题根本就没有正确的答案！上述选项都不是地道的表达方法！

2 — What's wrong with your coat? 
 — Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. （2005年重庆卷）
       A. sat         B. had sat      C. had been sitting       D. was sitting

 这道题的题干设计有严重缺陷，选A 和 D 都是有道理的，甚至还有native speaker选别的选项！

3 He was educated at a local grammar school, ________ he went on to Cambridge. 

  (2005年高考英语山东卷)
    A. from which     B. after that    C. after which        D. from this
  这道题设计也不是很严谨。尽管大部分人选C项，一些native speaker 可能会选别的选项！

4 I ______ in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final decision to move back

  to China.（2006年重庆卷）
   A. lived        B. was living      C. have lived    D. had lived

 这道题设计也有严重缺陷，大部分native speaker认为选 A 和 D 都是有道理的，甚至还选别的选项！

5 --It's thirty years since we last met.
 --But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ______ we got lost on a rainy night.（2006四川卷）
 A. which    B. that    C. what     D. when

这又是一个设计很有缺陷的试题，尽管选 B 是对的，但是更多的 native speaker 会选择 D 项。

通过研究最近几年的高考英语试题，我发现重庆

卷里设计有缺陷的试题最多！真不知为什么？！

    总之，为了让我们的孩子真正地学好英语，用好英语，希望我们的孩子考试时做的不再是中式英语，不是死扣语法。