2006年高考英语山东卷答案有错误！

第23题 Engines are to machines __ hearts are to animals 最佳答案应为A) as，但目前官方公布的答案（据《半岛都市报》和《青岛早报》登载）错选了C) what。尽管如果没有as, what也是可以的。

欢迎各位进入本网站的亿进论坛参与讨论，发表你的观点和看法。

（以下为青岛科技大学刘峰老师的点评，如有转载，必须注明作者和出处）

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    我本人没有亲眼看见考场里的高考英语试卷，但如果真是如本网站所提供的那样，as 是最合适的首选答案。当然，在这个句子中，what也是说得通的。这就说明了这道题命题有问题。要是山东省高考阅卷采用what 这个错误答案，不知要冤枉多少考生！

   为什么会出现这样的错误呢？一位高中英语教师告诉我，在高中英语课本中曾经出现过 "A is to B what C is to D" 这个句型。但这只能证明在这个句子中，选what 是可以的，并不能说明 what 是最佳答案。

    当我用百度搜索时发现：Engines are to machines ____ hearts are to animals 这句英文在网上很多地方都出现过，一般是在“高三英语单项选择题精选”的页面中，四个选项是 that、what、where 和which。 就这个题而言，答案当然是 what。

    请各位注意：2006年山东高考英语卷的四个选项是 A. as  B. that.  C. what  D. which 。命题者的本意如果是想考察上述的句型，在设计题的时候就应该特别小心，不能把 as 出现在备选项中。 

    为了进一步确认，首先，我问了几个外教，他们都说就这孤立的、没有语境的一句话而言，as 是首选答案，这是毫无疑问的。其中，英籍教育专家 Mr. David Rowles 在给我的E-mail中说：

    As I said in my earlier email, I think that context has a role to play in all this... my first "gut" reaction was "as"...and I think that "as" is better in a bald, no-context statement. If the "engines" statement comes at the end of a paragraph detailing similarities between engines and hearts, and maybe prefaced by "so", then maybe "what" is more appropriate. But, as it stands without context then "as" is better.

    其次，我在yahoo.com 英文网站上发了帖子，寻求native speaker的帮助，在14个回复中，13人选择了as. 这是其中的一个回复：

The correct answer is "as". This type of question is called an analogy.
Another and more popular example of one is: A glove is to hand as a shoe is to ________ (The answer is foot because the glove covers/protects the hand then the shoe must cover/protect whatever it is referring to.)
I hope that made sense to you. If I figure out a better way to explain it let you know. 

    再次，我且在BBC 的学习网站上也发了帖子，一位语言教师回复到：

I'd agree with you. Though 'what' is possible, it cannot be used in the sentence you have given as an example. If we use 'what' the relationship between the two parts has to be absolute. This is not the case. The engine of a machine does not perform the same function as the heart in an animal - the heart is simply a muscle that pumps, it does not provide any power.
When we use 'as' we provide only an analogy, not a direct relationship. It's the same as using 'like'. An engine in a machine is like the heart - without it the machine doesn't work / body ceases to function.

我们整天强调素质教育、强调学习英语的目的是为了应用，反对死背语法。然而考试，尤其是高考更具有指挥棒的作用，高考的命题是不是也应进一步地改革，更加合理、科学呢？（语言测试是也一门科学，在国外已经有了相当的发展）。其实在高考英语史上，那些权威的命题专家们已经闹出不少笑话，出的题让英国、美国的老外都莫名其妙、稀里糊涂。如果连接受过正规高等教育的native speaker都搞不明白的话，这样的英语算是英语吗？如：

1 The husband gave his wife ________ every month in order to please her. 

   (2004年重庆高考英语卷)
    A. all half his income    B. his half all income

    C. half his all income    D. all his half income

   这道题根本就没有正确的答案！上述选项都不是地道的表达方法！

2 — What's wrong with your coat? 
  — Just now when I wanted to get off the bus, the man next to me ____ on it. （2005年重庆卷）
       A. sat         B. had sat      C. had been sitting       D. was sitting

 这道题的题干设计有严重缺陷，选A 和 D 都是有道理的，甚至还有native speaker选别的选项！

3 He was educated at a local grammar school, ________ he went on to Cambridge. 

  (2005年高考英语山东卷)
    A. from which     B. after that    C. after which        D. from this
  这道题设计也不是很严谨。尽管大部分人选C项，一些native speaker 可能会选别的选项！

4 I ______ in London for many years, but I've never regretted my final decision to move back

  to China.（2006年重庆卷）
   A. lived        B. was living      C. have lived    D. had lived

 这道题设计也有严重缺陷，大部分native speaker认为选 A 和 D 都是有道理的，甚至还选别的选项！

5 --It's thirty years since we last met.
 --But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ______ we got lost on a rainy night.（2006四川卷）
 A. which    B. that    C. what     D. when

这又是一个设计很有缺陷的试题，尽管选 B 是对的，但是更多的 native speaker 会选择 D 项。

通过研究最近几年的高考英语试题，我发现重庆

卷里设计有缺陷的试题最多！真不知为什么？！

    总之，为了让我们的孩子真正地学好英语，用好英语，希望我们的孩子考试时做的不再是中式英语，不是死扣语法。